Mechanism Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury In Female Soccer Players
The present study found that ACL injury often occurs as non-contact injury during pressing at the time of defense, regardless of the playing area, in female soccer players.
In the present study, the female soccer players had a higher risk of sustaining non-contact ACL injuries than contact injuries, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies (3-5). Additionally, non-contact ACL injuries occurred more often during pressing (76%) than during other playing movements (49%), such as dribbling, trapping, and kicking. This is consistent with the finding of a previous study that reported a high incidence of ACL injury during pressing in professional male soccer players (11). In addition, this study reported that the maneuver performed in the injured players was side cutting on one leg while extending one leg towards the ball during pressing. Excessive hip internal rotation and knee internal rotation will be present during this cutting maneuver, and these have been identified as risk factors for non-contact ACL injury (15). Moreover, the greater knee abduction (valgus) angle in female athletes than in male athletes is associated with a higher risk of non-contact ACL injury in female athletes (16, 17). We found that ACL injuries occurred more frequently during defensive actions than during attacking actions. ACL injuries during defense occurred in the defensive one-third of the field. However ACL injuries during pressing occurred throughout the playing area. A previous study reported that most incidents during defense occurred in the defensive one-third of the field, whereas most incidents during offense occurred in the attacking one-third of the field (14). Whether pressing has been conducted in any area depends on the tactics of the team, and it should be confirmed that the pressing maneuver during defensive actions is associated with a high risk of sustaining non-contact ACL injuries in female soccer players.
https://dev.azure.com/daltontechcode0510/%E6%96%B0%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0%E4%BE%A0%20%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E7%89%88%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E8%A7%82%E7%9C%8B%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDZH/_wiki/wikis/%E6%96%B0%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0%E4%BE%A0-%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E7%89%88%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E8%A7%82%E7%9C%8B%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDZH.wiki/1/%E6%96%B0%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0%E4%BE%A0-%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC-(2022)-The-Batman-%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E5%B0%8F%E9%B4%A8%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E7%89%88~1080p
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In the present study, ACL injury was the most common at the age of 18 years. In addition, the incidence of ACL injury increased up to the age of 18 years and then reduced from the age of 20 years. A previous study reported that the incidence of ACL injury in female subjects was the highest at years of age (18), which is consistent with our finding. Another study reported that knee movement increases with a rapid increase in body height and weight (19), which is caused by exponential growth during puberty. Dynamic alignment in the jump task during puberty has been reported to change with physical growth (20). These changes have been shown to be associated with various factors, such as anatomical, environmental, hormonal, neuromuscular, and biomechanical factors (21). Therefore, training focused on correcting dynamic alignment is essential in young female soccer players, especially those aged
The incidence of ACL injury was very high on artificial turf. A previous study reported a high rate of ACL injury on synthetic playing surfaces in football, but did not find an increase in the risk of ACL injury on synthetic playing surfaces in soccer (22). In Japan, young female soccer players rarely play on natural grass. Therefore, the number of games played might have influenced the result, and it cannot be concluded that artificial turf increases the risk of serious ACL injury. In this study, the incidence of ACL injury was high in players who used round spikes. A previous study reported that foot mechanics and possibly the foot-shoe interaction were not related to the landing mechanics in female soccer players (23). In order to determine whether the use of round spikes can significantly increase the risk of ACL injury, it would be required to ascertain the type of spikes used by players of all the teams.
The present study found that ACL injury in female players occurred more often during a game than during practice, and this might be because a player’s momentum and intensity are higher during a game than during practice. In addition, there is a high possibility of ACL injury during a game, as the player might have difficulty controlling posture in a confrontation with an opponent.
In the future, movements, such as cutting on one leg while extending one leg to the ball during pressing with a high strength instantaneous reaction, should be practiced to avoid injury during a competition in addition to basic injury prevention methods, which have been adopted until now.
The present study had some limitations. First, this was a retrospective study. Second, the study relied on player recall of the injury for information. In the future, it is necessary to determine the circumstances during ACL injury using videotapes.
5.1. Conclusions
ACL injury might often occur as non-contact injury during pressing at the time of defense, regardless of the playing area, in female soccer players. The present findings will aid in the identification of the causes of anterior cruciate ligament injury in female soccer players and will help in the creation of competition-specific rehabilitation and prevention methods.